Fungal infections are actually very common among people, and can appear on various parts of the body with varying intensities. Although most cases aren´t that serious, it is important to recognize the symptoms and take appropriate action. These infections are caused by fungi, organisms that live on various surfaces, such as our skin, nails or even in the environment. If you suspect you might be facing a fungal infection, here are the signs to look for and how to act.
What is a fungal infection?
First of all, we should explain what a fungal infection is. To put it simply, it is when a fungal invasion is generated in the body, which can occur for various reasons, such as, that the natural defenses fail to control its growth. These fungi are usually present in the environment and in the body without causing harm, but when they find the right conditions, such as humidity or heat, they can multiply disproportionately and cause discomfort.
There are many types of fungal infections: those affecting the skin (dermatophytosis), nails (onychomycosis), feet (athlete’s foot) or mucous membranes (candidiasis). All share similar symptoms, but each affected area may show particular signs.
Common Symptoms of a Fungal Infection
While each type of fungal infection has its own characteristics, there are symptoms that are common to all types of infections. Here are some of them:
- Itching: Itching is one of the most typical signs of a fungal infection, especially when it affects the skin. It intensifies more in warm, moist areas, such as between the toes, groin or armpits.
- Redness or inflammation: The skin may become red and generate a burning sensation or discomfort. This is because the body is trying to fight the infection.
- Peeling or cracking: Skin affected by fungus may begin to peel, dry or crack. This is common with athlete’s foot or ringworm (an infection that appears as circular patches on the skin).
- Bad odor: In some cases, fungal infections can generate an unpleasant odor, especially when the affected area is moist, such as the feet or armpits.
- Nail changes: When fungus affects the nails, they may become thick, brittle or change color (yellowish or brownish).
Where can fungal infections occur?
Fungal infections can appear in different parts of the body, but they usually occur among some of these areas, which are the most common:
Skin and folds
The skin is one of the parts of the body most prone to develop fungal infections, especially in moist areas such as the armpits, groin or under the breasts. The main symptoms are usually itching, redness, scaling, blisters or small sores.
Feet
One of the most typical places to develop a fungal infection is the foot (the famous “athlete’s foot”) which mainly affects the skin between the toes, although it can also spread to the soles and heels. It usually causes intense itching, scaling and, in some cases, a foul odor, and is common among people who wear closed footwear for long hours or who use public locker rooms or showers on a daily basis.
Nails
Another very common part that can be affected by fungus is the nails, especially the toenails. Because of this, they can become thicker, brittle or discolored. In more advanced cases, they may detach from the nail bed.
Mucous membranes
Fungal infections can also affect the mucous membranes of the body, such as the mouth or genitals. In the case of the mouth, it can cause white patches on the tongue, palate and gums. In the genitals, it can manifest with intense itching, abnormal discharge and redness.
How can I confirm if I have a fungal infection?
If you suspect you may be dealing with a fungal infection, the most important thing to do is to observe the symptoms and their evolution. However, for an accurate diagnosis, it is always advisable to consult a health professional, such as a dermatologist or general practitioner.
What factors increase the risk of a fungal infection?
Some factors can increase the chances of developing a fungal infection, such as:
- Damp environments
- Tight clothing or closed shoes that do not allow for adequate ventilation
- Weakened immune system
- Use of antibiotics or steroids, which can upset the natural balance of bacteria in the body
The importance of consulting a physician
As we have said, fungal infections are not usually serious, but they can be very uncomfortable and cause a lot of discomfort. However, they should not be ignored, nor should they be self-diagnosed, as some infections may require specific treatments. A physician will be able to provide you with a proper diagnosis and recommend the correct treatment to avoid complications.